Compact four-element 8-shaped self-affine fractal UWB MIMO antenna

A compact four-element 8-shaped self-affine fractal UWB MIMO antenna is presented. The self-affine fractal structure provides miniaturization and wideband characteristics to the antenna. The 8-shaped self-affine fractal geometry is designed up to the second iteration by iterated function system (IFS). This reduces the single-element antenna area by 24.88%. The dimension of proposed compact MIMO antenna is 44×44 mm² and its impedance bandwidth ranges (S₁₁ <; -10 dB) from 3.1 GHz to 11 GHz. The mutual coupling is lesser than -16 dB across the entire operating frequency band. The correlation coefficient is less than 0.1 and diversity gain is more than 9.95 across the operating frequency band. Results of this antenna indicate that it is suitable for UWB applications.