Communication systems and security issues in smart microgrids

Smart Grids are expected to revolutionize existing electrical grids improving efficiency, reliability, and generation sustainability of electrical power, and allowing two-way commu­nications. Before we can have foil access to the benefits of the Smart Microgrids, issues associated with communication and its security must be addressed. In this work, we present a study of current communication technologies either wired and wireless. Among them, some of the latest technologies/standards such as Smart Utility Network, IEEE 802.22 WRAN, and IEEE 802.11af. Additionally, we present a study of cybersecurity issues related to Smart Microgrids with a focus on Denial-of-Service attacks. Through a multi-layer approach of dividing the communication layer into Home Area Network, Neighborhood Area Network, and Wide Area Network, communication requirements, open issues, challenges, and future directions are discussed.