Sensor deployment for target coverage in underwater wireless sensor network

Underwater wireless sensor network has fetched the attention of many researchers from the past few years due to its wide range of applications. To implement the UWSN in real-time, efficient techniques of deployment, scheduling, routing, and communication are required. But the research works in UWSN are relatively less when compared to conventional Terrestrial WSN. Hence a deterministic deployment strategy for deployment of sensors in a three-dimensional underwater environment with the intention of minimizing the energy consumption is proposed. The deployment of sensors is modeled as an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the target coverage with a minimum number of sensors. In order to address the target coverage problem, a nature-inspired evolutionary algorithm called Cuckoo search algorithm is proposed to find the optimal locations of the sensors. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is assessed in terms of coverage rate, by varying the number of targets, sensing range and number of sensors for both large-scale and small-scale networks and also compared with random deployment.