Optimization of partially shaded photovoltaic systems by enhancing maximum power point tracking by using IPSO-PID

Photovoltaic panels are the most important green energy source because of their inexhaustible moreover its clean. It is important to connect the PV panels to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller to optimize its output power. The PV panels output power efficiency is related to the rapidly variation of the incident irradiance moreover the partial shading pattern. The variation of the incident irradiance and the partial shading pattern makes the tracking of the global maximum peak (GMP) through the local ones too difficult, which extremely decrease the efficiency of the PV panels. The problem is the GMP value varies as the sun irradiance varies so; the detection of the GMP needs an efficient and fast algorithm which cannot be done by the traditional MPPT. In order to solve the problem, this paper presents a hybrid technique which merges the improved particle swarm optimization technique (IPSO) with the proportional integral derivative controller (PID) to produce (IPSO-PID). The main goal of this hybrid technique is to optimize the output power of the PV systems. This presented algorithm improved the tracking time of the GMP under complex irradiance conditions to 2 msec, with an efficiency of 99.99% which optimize the output power of the PV panels.