IoT-enabled smart lighting systems for smart cities

Over the past few decades, the rate of urbanization has increased enormously. More enhanced services and applications are needed in urban areas to provide a better lifestyle. Smart city, which is a concept of interconnecting modern digital technologies in the context of a city, is a potential solution to enhance the quality and performance of urban services. With the introduction of Internet-of-Things (IoT) in the smart city, new opportunities have emerged to develop new services and integrate different application domains with each other using Information and Communication Technologies. However, to ensure seamless services in an IoT-enabled smart city environment, all the applications have to be maintained with limited energy resources. One of the core sectors that can be improved significantly by implementing IoT is the lighting system of a city since it consumes more energy than other parts of a city. In a smart city, the lighting system is integrated with advanced sensors and communication channels to obtain a Smart Lighting System (SLS). The goal of an SLS is to obtain an autonomous and more efficient lighting management system. In this paper, we provide an overview of the SLS and review different IoT-enabled communication protocols, which can be used to realize the SLS in the context of a smart city. Moreover, we analyzed different usage scenarios for IoT-enabled indoor and outdoor SLS and provide an analysis of the power consumption. Our results reveal that IoT-enabled smart lighting systems can reduce power consumption up to 33.33% in both indoor and outdoor settings. Finally, we discussed the future research directions in SLS in the smart city.