Bandwidth enhancement of a rectangular patch antenna in X band by introducing diamond shaped slot and ring in patch and defected ground structure

This paper proposes a method for bandwidth enhancement of a rectangular patch antenna to ultra wide band (UWB), by introducing a diamond-shaped slot surrounded by a diamond-shaped ring in the center of the patch with a defected ground technique. With the proposed design method, using a simple single layer structure, an enhanced bandwidth of 512 MHz ranging from 10 GHz to 10.512 GHz is achieved, along with an improved VSWR of 1.03. On top of that, this method also eliminates the trade-off between bandwidth enhancement and VSWR unlike other methods of bandwidth enhancement. This paper also compares the performance of the proposed antenna over a traditional rectangular patch antenna. The proposed antenna operates in the X-band with center frequency of 10.2 GHz, which is suitable for various RF and UWB applications. The design of the antenna and simulation results is acquired using CST microwave studio.