Degradation of the Energy Transfer Effectiveness Described in Terms of Currents’ Physical Components (CPC)-based Power Theory

The paper is focused on physical phenomena that degrade the effectiveness of the energy transfer in electrical systems when voltages and currents are nonsinusoidal. The Currents' Physical Components (CPC) - based Power Theory, developed by L.S. Czarnecki, provides fundamentals for the analysis of the electric energy flow. This analysis identifies in electrical systems seven distinctive physical phenomena that affect this flow. Seven current components are associated with these phenomena. Only one of them contributes to the useful transfer of energy. Remaining six components only degrade the effectiveness of this transfer. They could be reduced by various compensators and the CPC-based power theory provides fundamentals for their synthesis and control. The results presented in the paper are valid for electrical systems of any complexity, meaning for single- and for three-phase systems and for any loads, meaning for linear and for nonlinear loads.