Impact of Large-Scale Integration of E-Mobility and Photovoltaics on Power Quality in Low Voltage Networks

In future low voltage (LV) networks, a high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaic installations (PVs) is expected. As EVs and PVs are connected to the grid by an on-board charger and an inverter, respectively (in the following also referred to as EV and PV), it is necessary to study their impact on power quality (PQ), particularly on unbalance and distortion below 2 kHz (harmonics) and above 2 kHz (supraharmonics). The analysis is based on two network scenarios and different penetration rates of distributed EVs and PVs. Detailed measurement-based models have been developed for EVs, PVs and remaining households for each of the considered PQ phenomena. For unbalance and harmonics the whole LV network has been considered for the simulations. Supraharmonics have been studied at the level of the individual customer installation, as distortion above 2 kHz majorly stays within the installation and does not propagate far into the network. This paper summarizes the main results and recommendations of the project.