Planning hydrogen refueling stations with coordinated on-site electrolytic production

Hydrogen is a potential fuel in pursuit of a green transportation future. The infancy stage of infrastructure is one of the major challenge facing the development of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFVs). To address this challenge, this paper presents and evaluates optimal planning of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) considering the interactions between the transportation and the power networks. We first develop models of 1) HFV traffic flows on a highway network with driving range constraints, 2) operations of on-site hydrogen production and storage. Then, we formulates a mixed-integer second order cone program (MISOCP) to determine 1) the sites and the sizes of HRSs, 2) hourly HRS operations and 3) grid reinforcement. The AC power flow with SOCP relaxation is incorporated to consider electrical constraints. Numerical case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.