Design of sixth order butterworth Gm-C filter using Particle Swarm Optimization program for biomedical application

A fully differential Telescopic operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and a sixth order Butterworth Gm-C low pass filter are presented in this paper. Both circuits are designed for medical applications in 2.4 GHz ISM band for IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee standard. The filter consists of three biquads. The design of the Telescopic OTA is carried out using two optimization methods, G
_m
/I
_D
and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Both circuits are implemented with TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Based on optimized OTA, the Gm-C filter has a cut-off frequency of 2.3 MHz and consumes only 1.55mW.