Analysis of VANET geographic routing protocols on real city map

Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET) is an escalating field of research and laid basis for many newer technologies like Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Routing in VANETs plays crucial role in performance of networks. VANET protocols are classified as topology based and position based protocols. Research showed that position based protocols are more suited to VANETs as compared to topology based protocols because geographic routing does not involve an overhead and delay of maintaining routing tables instead geographic position of nodes is used for routing which can be obtained by Global Positioning System (GPS) device on vehicles. In this paper, two geographic routing protocols Anchor based Street and Traffic Aware Routing (A-STAR) and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocols are evaluated on real city map. Simulation of VANETs on real map scenarios provide accurate results and also useful to design and deploy VANETs in real world. Real world mobility model is important because it reflects real-world performance of protocols considered. Analysis of performance is carried in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, packet loss and average delay. Simulation of protocols is carried by varying density of nodes. A-STAR showed better performance on real city map over GPSR because A-STAR adopted Street awareness method of routing whereas GPSR works on Greedy forwarding and Routing around the perimeter methods.