A multi-objective optimal control scheme of the hybrid energy storage system for accurate response in the demand side

The idea of applying energy storage system (ESS) into the demand side for accurate response has attracted lots of attention. Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is the combination of various ESS types, which can exploit the strength of each ESS type and enjoy good comprehensive performance. In order to: 1) increase the accuracy of the demand side response, 2) extend the HESS lifetime, 3) reduce the energy loss of HESS and 4) lower the maintenance cost, a HESS synthetical model is developed including the lifetime model, the energy efficiency model, the economic cost model, the demand side response accuracy and the constraints. Comparison of different single types of ESS for demand side response is studied, and a multi-objective optimal control scheme of the HESS is proposed based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by actual data from a regional power grid in eastern China.