Development of a hydrogen consumption optimization based dynamic penalty control strategy for a PEMFC-LIB-SC hybrid tramway

To meet the rapid changes in power demand, and more efficient use of PEM fuel cell power supply, the equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization (EHCM) based dynamic penalty control (DPC) strategy was proposed for the modern PEMFC-LIB-SC hybrid tramway. And an effective informed adaptive based particle searching optimization (EIA-PSO) algorithm which is more robust in terms of global search capability and local search precision was utilized to optimize the derived parameter clusters to effectively achieve the optimization of equivalent hydrogen consumption. The results demonstrated that the proposed control strategy could realize the operation stabilization of the overall hybrid power system during the simulated driving cycle. Finally, the comparisons with other control strategies verify that the proposed energy management system can achieve better performance of the overall hybrid tramway.