Distributed robust containment control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown fractional-order dynamics

By applying the fractional Lyapunov direct method, this paper addresses the distributed robust containment control problem for a class of fractional-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with heterogeneous unknown nonlinearities and external disturbances. Motivated by the ideas of σ-modification and neural networks (NNs), a distributed adaptive algorithm presented here not only guarantees the containment error exponentially converges to zero but also allows for robust. It should be noted that the proposed robust adaptive algorithm depends only on local information and thus is fully distributed. Finally, a simulation example is provided to validate our obtained results.