An expert crowd monitoring and management framework for Hajj

Hajj is a ritual practice where millions of pilgrims arrive in a limited area and required to transfer through dedicated paths to several locations. Congestions and overcrowded have been one of the biggest challenges to the authorities, and hence, encourages researchers to proposed practical solutions to preventing congestions and their consequences from happening. In this paper, we propose an Expert Crowd Monitoring and Management Framework as a substitution to the current manual crowd monitoring and management system. The framework was designed to be proactive in predicting potential problems accurately by utilizing smart monitoring of each path of rituals locations' paths. The framework consists of Pilgrim Sensor Units, Data Collection Units, Database Unit, Expert Crowd Monitoring and Management Unit, Dashboard Units and Notification Unit.