Quantifying blood glucose level using S11 parameters

This paper presented a method of quantifying blood glucose level using pocket vector network analyzer by measuring the skin S-11 figure of merits or parameters. The researcher uses a spiral microstrip antenna, a pocket vector network analyzer, and an SAS JMP statistical tool. Two female subjects with different ages, have 20kgs difference in weight, a body mass index difference of 4.78 and have a difference in health conditions in terms of body glucose level and both are tested using non-invasive and invasive blood glucose measurement methods. Through analyzing all sets of data between the frequency spectrum from 10Hz to 1GHz, a correlation between skin extracted S11 parameters and blood glucose level using invasive monitoring system was seen in the range of 460MHz to 480MHz. It is observed that the skin impedance is directly proportional to the glucose measurement in the certain range of frequency and gives a high coefficient of determination of 99.95% and with a root mean square error of 7.71 %.