Optical mode calculation and review of graphene on rib waveguide

An Optical Modulator is a device that is used to modulate the fundamental characteristics of a light beam, propagating in free space or a waveguide. Conventional silicon and III-V group modulators had high insertion loss, large footprint, and a limited modulation depth. Graphene with its unique and extraordinary properties such as zero bandgap (conduction and valence band meets at Dirac point), provides a much higher modulation depth and a high optical absorption of approximately 2.3%, have brought a revolution in optical modulators. In this paper, we have created a Matlab algorithm for obtaining effective eigen values and field profiles of various components of Electromagnetic waves, in a rib waveguide, by the vectorial approach. We have applied a finite difference method for solving helmholtz equation. For numerical analysis, finite difference approximation has been taken into account. Furthermore, a review on graphene-based rib waveguide has been discussed.