Current-mode biquadratic filters using dual output current conveyors

A number of novel current-mode two integrator loop active filters incorporating dual output second-generation current conveyors (DO-CCII), resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are systematically presented. These DO-CCII-RC biquadratic architectures consist of 2-4 DO-CCIIs and 2-6 resistors depending on the structure and only 2 capacitors. They offer various filter characteristics such as the LP, BP, HP and BS and have very low sensitivity. They are also suitable for integration of low parasitic effects and tunable by grounded resistors, because all capacitors and resistors in the structures are grounded.