Elliptical double-hole photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers

In this paper, we demonstrate the operation of a photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser that has a double-hole two-dimensional photonic-crystal structure. We successfully fabricate this unique structure by employing air-hole retained crystal regrowth using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Single-mode lasing having a narrow beam divergence of less than 0.2° is achieved with a large lasing area of 300×300 μm².