Finding optimal driving strategy of electric vehicle during deceleration with serial regenerative braking

One of the primary advantages of electric vehicle (EV) is to easily incorporate a regenerative braking system where the lost KE during braking is restored into the vehicle energy storage. But, due to limited energy storage, inadequate charging station and long charging time, the braking energy regeneration is required to be maximized to enhance the EV range. Since driving harshness has a great influence on the regeneration efficiency, an optimal driving strategy during deceleration of an EV is determined here by solving a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP). The MOOP is solved based on three primary conflicting objectives, namely minimization of deceleration duration, maximization of regenerative braking energy and minimization of jerk. Optimization results are presented for a representative speed change in different driving cycles. After analysing the Pareto-fronts, a zone of optimal driving is identified. During deceleration, driver selects a solution (driving strategy) from the zone based on higher level information such as safe distance to avoid accident, etc.