Observability of electric power networks factoring in (n-1) security

This paper describes the optimal Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) placement algorithm based on the Integer Linear Programming formulation. This method is based on minimizing of the measuring devices' number in a grid to provide the power system observability in [n-1] security. The N-1 criterion is preservation of a stable operation mode of the power grid in case of sudden loss of one of lines or outage of one of the measuring devices. Optimal placement of PMUs should be considered for redundant PMU placement in cases of full and incomplete observability. The models suggested by existing papers should be accounted from case to case for implementation within a grid particular configuration. The new placement algorithm includes current and voltage measurements and considers PMU placement for a normal operation mode and for the case of possible disturbances. Furthermore, the partial economic analysis have been done and measurement redundancy has been determined. IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus, IEEE 39-bus test systems and the 110 kV distribution system have been used to examine the proposed algorithm. The results are presented in this paper for the system at normal conditions and a single PMU or single line losses.