3-D unified FLOD-FDTD method incorporated with lumped elements

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3-D) unified fundamental locally one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FLOD-FDTD) method incorporated with lumped elements. The update equations involving resistor, capacitor and inductor in concise unified matrix form are given, so that various lumped element combinations can be treated in a unified manner. A numerical example is used to validate the proposed method by comparing with explicit FDTD method and show the trade-off between efficiency and accuracy.