A low profile circular patch loaded monopole antenna embedded in a manhole cover

This paper presents a low profile circular patch loaded monopole antenna suitable for embedded use in a manhole cover. It consists of a center-fed circular patch and two shorting strips connecting the patch to the ground. The simulated and field test results show that the antenna embedded in a manhole cover has a good gain and omnidirectional radiation pattern on the ground surface. The antenna can be used for a wireless monitoring and control system of underground facilities such as water supply pipes, sewer pipes, gas pipes, etc.