An improved procedure for simulation-driven miniaturization of antenna structures

In this paper, we consider size reduction of antenna structures by means of simulation-based numerical optimization. We investigate the properties of explicit formulation with the footprint area minimization being a primary design objective and a penalty function introduced to control reflection characteristic of the antenna at hand. A novel formulation with adaptive adjustment of the maximum acceptable in-band reflection level threshold is proposed and demonstrated to be superior over the conventional (fixed-threshold) setup. Our considerations are illustrated using two structures of UWB antennas.