A hybrid multi-resolution FE-BI method for analysis and design of infinite periodic antenna arrays

In this paper, the finite element-boundary integral method with the hierarchical TVFEs (tangential vector finite elements) for tetrahedra is used for analysis of infinite, doubly periodic antenna arrays. It is shown that accurate prediction of array scanning properties can be obtained by using higher order TVFEs in the regions where large fields and rapid field variations are expected and lowest order TVFEs elsewhere.