Penalty functions constructed from QL subsethood measures

Penalty functions are widely used to measure disagreement or consensus. On the other hand, subsethood measures have been applied in several areas. In this paper, we introduce a method for constructing penalty functions by means of QL fuzzy subsethood measures, introduced by Dimuro et al., which are built from QL-operations derived from tuples (O, G, N), for overlap functions O, grouping functions G and fuzzy negations N.