Towards a fully integrated, wirelessly powered, and ordinarily equipped on-lens system for successive dry eye syndrome diagnosis

This paper presents a smart contact lens (SCL) sensor system for successive evaluation of tear evaporation. The proposed SCL system integrated with 3D technology is composed of tunable sensitivity sensor-readout circuitry, a tear sensor, and an antenna, and is embedded into a biocompatible hydrogel-based contact lens by a commercial manufacturing process. Moreover, the on-lens system can be addressed using commercial radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader devices for sensor control and data communication. Subjects can wear the SCL for continuous tear-content monitoring. Furthermore, the recordings from the device can provide high distinguishability in different tear phantoms using a variation of capacitance or resistance rather than using the weight loss.