Optical properties of photonic crystal waveguide

Photonic Crystal (PhC) comprising of dielectric rods circumjacent by air placed in two dimensions are discussed in this paper. The formed structure of 2D PhC of dielectric rods is compared with another structure of dielectric veins with air holes. If light is forbidden to propagate inside the lattice, it will act as mirror throughout. This property can be used to construct waveguide by introducing defect in the perfect crystal. The defect is created by removing a row of rods (air holes) to design a linear waveguide that operate on a selective wavelength. Optical properties of the formed waveguide are examined for both square and hexagonal lattice. The effect of different optical materials as GaAs, GaP, Si on wave propagation inside the guide at 1550nm is observed. The radius is varied and its corollary is observed.