Application of IPSO and fuzzy logic methods in electrical vehicles for efficient frequency control of multi-area power systems

Nowadays, frequency control, as a basic concept in power systems, has experienced high uncertainties due to changing structure of interconnected power systems, increasing size in multi-area systems and various load changes. On the other hand, according to arisen limitations in conventional generation units, such as increasing greenhouse gas emissions and high operational costs, paying attention to new apparatuses for frequency control like controllable loads seems as a vital matter. In this context, electric vehicles (EVs) can be propounded as one of the foremost controllable loads for enhancing the frequency performance after disturbance. Practically, a proportional-integral (PI) controller is employed to control the charging/discharging conditions of the EV. In this paper, as the first step, the parameters of PI controller are regulated by improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) method. In the second step, the parameters of PI controller are retuned adaptively by fuzzy logic method. The new fuzzy-based PI controller (FPIC) is effective in improving frequency performance and tie-line power variation. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the EVs equipped with the IPSO and FPIC for frequency and tie-line power variations enhancement.