Graphene sheet modeling with an efficient unconditionally-stable hybrid approach

The combination of two versions of a split-step finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is proposed for the efficient simulation of waves supported by graphene sheets. A dispersive scheme based on the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) approach is used for the graphene's surface conductivity, while an optimized technique featuring specially designed spatial approximations is applied at free-space grid points. The involved equation updates are unconditionally stable, providing a useful as well as efficient tool for the investigation of graphene-based configurations.