Analysis of alternative energy harvesting methods to power atmospheric robotic explorers on Jupiter

WindBots is a NIAC funded concept for a long-duration atmospheric robot explorer targeting the region between 0.3 bar and 10 bar on Jupiter. The WindBot would explore this region, which extends from 15km above to 125km below the reference surface at 1 bar. Proposed WindBot mission scenarios include a glider which would use updrafts to gain altitude before gliding to find another updraft, mimicking the action of soaring birds such as frigate birds. In another mission scenario, a balloon-like WindBot would use buoyancy to maintain altitude within its operational region. An important requirement of a WindBot is survival with energy obtained in-situ to provide power for the 30-50W avionic payload envisioned for the mission. The solar intensity below Jupiter's clouds is small and a solar solution as well as a nuclear solution have been ruled out from this study. This paper analyzes methods of energy generation and harvesting in Jupiters atmosphere and offers a comparison of the relative power densities. Wind, thermal, and magnetic energy, as well as other modalities, are sources of energy for a WindBot to transform into mechanical or electrical energy. Mechanisms evaluated include vibration harvesting and turbine technologies to utilize small-scale wind velocity gradients. Natural atmospheric thermal and pressure gradients may be tapped to provide power to a WindBot. The possibility of inductive generation using Jupiters strong magnetic field is also considered. Finally, these methods are evaluated on their power density and applicability to proposed WindBot designs.