MEMS reconfigurable slotted microstrip patch antenna for cognitive radio application

MEMS reconfigurable circular-rectangular shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed for the cognitive radio application. Main problem in cognitive radio networks is to utilize the available bandwidth effectively so that reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is preferred. By utilizing the unused spectrum bandwidth can be utilized in efficient manner which in turn will increases the overall performances of the system. Reconfiguration can be done with tree different types of techniques which are frequency, pattern, and polarization. Here frequency reconfiguration technique is used with the help of MEMS switches. PSO and Nature inspired optimization algorithms are used for sensing and optimization of patch antenna. Microstrip line feed and FR4 substrate is used. Slots are introduced in this system to reduce the return loss and to improve the gain. Two different shapes of antennas are incorporated into that same substrate which helps to operate the antenna in various frequencies. Patch antenna is designed to operate within (2 to 5) GHz frequency range.