Ultra-wideband wireless systems: A broad overview

In recent years, the research and development of ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless systems for communication, localization, and sensing have widely emerged. Nowadays, UWB has become a promising technology for high-and low-data-rate wireless communications and accurate positioning, with a focus on indoor environments. Driven by the efficient utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum, UWB serves as an overlay approach, and covers an unlicensed and enormously wide frequency band of several gigahertz. The aim of this contribution is twofold: first, to give a broad overview of UWB systems, and second, to illustrate a general framework for modulation schemes and deterministic MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) channel models. Further attention is devoted to pulse shaping, antennas and propagation, multi-band OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing), and localization systems.