Seismo-electromagnetics as a new field of radiophysics: Electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes

Short-term earthquake prediction is an urgent subject for human beings, but it is concluded that conventional seismologic and geotectonic measurements are not suitable for such prediction. Recently, electromagnetic phenomena have been recognized as being very promising for such short-term earthquake prediction. A lot of convincing evidence has been accumulated on electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes (we use the general terminology of seismo-electromagnetics). This short review deals with only a few important phenomena, including radio-physical methods of atmospheric and ionospheric sounding with the use of signals from VLF, LF, and HF transmitters; ground-based recording of pulsating ULF electromagnetic emission (so-called ULF foreshocks); and onboard plasma variations on low-orbiting satellites.