Optimal locations for PMUs maintaining observability in power systems

Population of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power systems are increasing day by day as PMUs measure the electrical quantities more accurately with time-stamping. The measurements done by PMU can be used for monitoring, controlling and for state estimation of the power system. Since the installation of PMUs demand high capital cost, their number and location to be chosen optimally is by minimizing investment without losing observability of the system. In this paper Integer Programming techniques used to solve Optimal Placement of PMU (OPP) problem. The OPP problem is solved for normal power system as well as for a few contingency conditions like one PMU outage, considering zero injection bus, outage of single line on various standard IEEE Bus Systems. The work is also trying to place PMUs under planned islanding in certain standard networks.