SNEM: Full S-Parameter Synthesis From Near-End Measurement

A novel method called SNEM (full S-parameter synthesis from near-end measurement) is proposed to obtain the full S-parameter matrix by probing only a subset of all the ports of a passive linear time-invariant network. Other ports that are not probed need to be terminated by various impedance values. The traditional open-short-load method is a special case in the SNEM framework. A termination error correction algorithm and a guideline for choosing termination impedance values have also been developed to make the method robust, accurate, and efficient. Examples are included in this paper to demonstrate the applications of the SNEM method in integrated circuit package, on-die structure, and socket/connector characterizations. Simulation results also show that the SNEM method can be applied to power line communication system characterization. The SNEM method has been validated by both simulations and lab measurements.