Angle of arrival estimation using array of arbitrarily oriented and spaced short dipole antenna

The aim of this work is to design a direction finding system that uses arbitrarily oriented and spaced, short dipole antenna array, and examine the array elements orientation and position perturbation effects on the accuracy of the estimated angle of arrival (AoA). The Min-Norm Angle of Arrival estimation method is modified through the standard Lagrange Optimization Method to accommodate variations in the array signal vectors caused by perturbation of the orientation and location of the antenna elements. Simulations verify that the proposed method provides better performance compared with the Min-Norm Method in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the estimated AoA.