Combining electromagnetics and digital signal processing: Moving towards the intelligent antenna

In this paper we have described the evolution that is taking place in antenna engineering. Antennas are now being interfaced with active devices, thereby making them integrated antennas; and, as well, they are about to be interfaced to digital logic, which in turn will lead to intelligent antennas. The art of antenna engineering being expanded by the requirement for algorithmic development, digital logic design, software development, modelling of passive and active components and the need for antenna architects to make sure that all these pieces fit together. We are now experiencing the movement towards the integration of electromagnetics and digital signal processing.