Implementation of autonomous and semi-autonomous mobile systems to operation rooms: A study of nowaday standardization, general conditions and the concept of a constructive concept

This paper addresses the necessity of the implementation of mobile assistant platforms in the medical sector and gives an overview of actual research activities. By transferring autonomous and mobile systems from the industrial sector to the operating room it is possible to improve the therapy and operations in the medical sector and to reduce the workload of the employees. The research work in the industrial sector showed that the routing and pathing of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems in high variable working areas with infrastructural sensors, like ceiling cameras, has advantages over systems where the sensors for the self-localization and the collision avoidance is mounted to the mobile platform. The main challenge for the transformation of the know-how based on industrial platforms are the special regulations in the medical sector. In combination with a regular medical device, these platforms are also medical devices due to 93/42/EWG. In the second chapter the industrial standardizations and the special medical specifications are addressed. Besides, the whole concept bases on a digitalization of the environment of the mobile platform with ceiling mounted cameras. Due to the different geometrical dimensions of operating rooms to common industrial work areas, a different concept of the angle of view is necessary. The fourth chapter gives an overview of different angles of view and the position of the camera within an operating room regarding two specific medical scenarios. The concept also includes a fine-positioning system with an orthogonal camera mounted on the mobile platform.