Intelligent indoor emergency evacuation systems: Reference architecture and data requirements

An intelligent indoor emergency evacuation system (IES) can take appropriate risk reduction actions in response to alerts from building safety systems warning of emergencies originated within the building and from government agencies warning of natural disasters affecting surrounding areas. This paper presents data model and reference architecture of IES for large public buildings and case studies to capture their data requirements. Many technical and practical challenges can raise barriers to the wide deployment of IES. Examples of such challenges and solutions to overcome them are also presented.