Fuzzy hidden Markov models for speech and speaker recognition

The paper proposes a fuzzy approach to the hidden Markov model (HMM) method called the fuzzy HMM for speech and speaker recognition. The fuzzy HMM algorithm is regarded as an application of the fuzzy expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm to the Baum-Welch algorithm in the HMM. Speech and speaker recognition experiments using the Texas Instruments (TI46) speech data corpus show better results for fuzzy HMMs compared with conventional HMMs.