Adjustment of frequency transient response with reserve deficit using artificial neural network

This paper proposes a new methodology for determining the transient frequency deviations produced by disturbances in the electric power system (EPS) that modify the generation-load balance, considering spinning reserve limits of units under primary frequency control (PFC). Based on the equivalent frequency response model, analytical expressions are derived to calculate the maximum transient frequency deviation and the instant it occurs. In order to include the effect of spinning reserve limits of generation units under PFC this work proposes a novel methodology to correct the maximum transient frequency deviation based on artificial neural networks (ANN). To this end, a first order model is employed to represent the governor-turbine block of each generator. Lastly, the proposed methodology is applied to the WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus, 60 Hz test system, showing an excellent ability to accurately estimate the transient frequency response, considering active power imbalances and spinning reserve limits under PFC.