A survey on bird activity monitoring and collision avoidance techniques in windmill turbines

Bird collisions with wind turbines are of increasing concern to utilities, regulatory agencies, and environmental organizations. Numerous kills have been documented at several wind farms. However, the magnitude of the problem industry wide is unknown. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study for a sensor aimed at developing an automated tool to monitor and avoid collision of birds with wind turbines. A 2013 study found U.S. turbines kill 234,000 birds per year on average. The sensors that can be used for detecting and monitoring the bird activities near the turbines are: acoustic sensors, imaging sensors, radar and infrared sensors. Also the systems that are used for the above purpose are being analysed and brought to light here. The primary objective of the paper is to suggest the best cost-effective and efficient system which consists of bird activity monitoring and collision avoidance mechanism from the study of the existing systems and the systems that are under testing and design.