Dynamic optimal power flow in AC networks with multi-terminal HVDC and energy storage

In this paper, Dynamic Optimal Power Flow (DOPF) is used to optimize a) the operation of energy storage and b) the operating set-points of the converters in a meshed ac-dc grid for a given forecast of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and load. In both the ac as well as in the multi-terminal dc grid, the load flow is entirely considered and voltage as well as line flow limits are included. A converter model with quadratic loss function is implemented. Jacobian and Hessian matrices are calculated without external toolboxes for a fast problem formulation and better convergence. The functionality of the approach is shown in a small test system and the results are compared to solutions without dc grid or storages.