Volt-VAR optimization by using electric vehicle, renewable energy and residential load-shifting

The development of smart grid, electric vehicles (EV), and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) changes the existing power grid. Volt-VAR optimization (VVO) is a well-known problem to reduce the losses along the distribution lines. Current VVO does not endorse the role of elastic and inelastic loads, EVs, and RESs to decrease the reactive losses and hence the cost of generation. We propose a mathematical model VVCO/OECM to solve the VVO problem by considering load shifting, EV as storage, and use of RES. The system also admits the efficiency of the electrical equipment to enhance the life of the devices. We develop a non-cooperative game to solve the VVCO/OECM problem. To evaluate the performance, we simulate the VVCO/OECM model and compare with the existing VVO solution (VVCO). We found that our method took nearly a constant time to produce a solution of VVO despite the size of the network. It outperforms the existing VVO solution by reducing the generation cost and flatten the load.