Directly controlled reference frequency wavefront clock method applied to 100-GHz radio interferometry and fringe simulator

Currently, there are two types of interferometers in the world: One is the conventional interferometer using the fixed local signal as a reference signal, and the other is the interferometer using the wavefront clock. In this paper, we propose a new method of the wavefront clock system under development. The new wavefront clock system has a great advantage for the Doppler compensation. The Doppler shift, which is caused by the Earth's rotation, is compensated for during the correlation processing or when signals are received in order to detect fringes (interferometer patterns). Also, the proposed system can be effectively applied to high-frequency (millimeter wavelength), wide-bandwidth, and multibaseline interferometry. The main feature of this method is that the reference signals for the front end and back end of the interferometer system are directly controlled from the observing site according to a calculated a priori delay rate. In this method, fringe stopping and delay tracking can be simultaneously performed on all received frequencies as well as on frequency-converted signals in both the upper sideband (USB) and lower sideband (LSB). Furthermore, this method can be introduced with just a slight modification to the current interferometer systems (including very long baseline interferometry) and can also be applied to a pseudofringe (Doppler shift and delay) simulator to check the correlation processor.