Factors influencing students' acceptance in m-learning: A literature review and proposal of a taxonomy

Over the last several years, many authors have studied the factors that promote adoption of m-learning among students, basing their studies, in most of cases, on well-known models of the acceptance of technology, like the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Their proposals include different m-learning adoption factors and extensions to improve the original TAM and UTAUT models. This is a problem for scholars who need to be informed of the most important factors, or if they wish to use these scientific results for their m-learning development, evaluation, research and/or teaching strategies. For these reasons, this paper presents a literature review of the factors that determine m-learning adoption. We then depict an integration of the validated factors by each author and their relationships within a new and more complete model. As a result of our review, we propose a taxonomy or classification of these adoption factors into three categories: pedagogical, technological and students' aspects. We consider the suitable analysis and specification of these main three points of view when designing or evaluating m-learning systems to be essential.