Bifacial photovoltaic module best-fit annual energy yield model with azimuthal correction

While manufacturers are already producing bifacial modules, there is slow adoption into the market place partially due to a current deficiency in bifacial performance and safety standardized testing (for example IEC/UL) which makes comparisons between manufacturers difficult, and in the modeling techniques used to predict the field performance of bifacial systems. A recently developed best-fit model that links effects of the module's minimum height ratio, tilt angle, and ground albedo to the annual energy output is presented in this document. Additionally, we expand on the previously presented bifacial energy model by introducing an azimuthal correction factor for the bifacial energy model, expanding its application space to off-south facing installations.