Optical modulators with two-dimensional layered materials

Light modulation is an essential operation in photonics and optoelectronics. The recent demonstration that two-dimensional (2D) layered materials could modulate various light properties (e.g., wavelength, amplitude, phase, and polarization) with superior performance has stimulated intense research and significant advances, paving the way for realistic photonic and optoelectronic applications. I will discuss the state-of-the-art of optical modulators based on 2D layered materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus. I will present recent advances employing hybrid structures, such as 2D heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fibre integrated structures. I will also take a look at future perspectives of optical modulation technologies with 2D layered materials.