Noncontact Pressure-Based Sleep/Wake Discrimination

Poor sleep is increasingly being recognized as an important prognostic parameter of health. For those with suspected sleep disorders, patients are referred to sleep clinics, which guide treatment. However, sleep clinics are not always a viable option due to their high cost, a lack of experienced practitioners, lengthy waiting lists, and an unrepresentative sleeping environment. A home-based noncontact sleep/wake monitoring system may be used as a guide for treatment potentially stratifying patients by clinical need or highlighting longitudinal changes in sleep and nocturnal patterns. This paper presents the evaluation of an undermattress sleep monitoring system for noncontact sleep/wake discrimination. A large dataset of sensor data with concomitant sleep/wake state was collected from both younger and older adults participating in a circadian sleep study. A thorough training/testing/validation procedure was configured and optimized feature extraction and sleep/wake discrimination algorithms evaluated both within and across the two cohorts. An accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 74.3%, 95.5%, and 53.2% is reported over all subjects using an external validation dataset (71.9%, 87.9%, and 56% and 77.5%, 98%, and 57% is reported for younger and older subjects, respectively). These results compare favorably with similar research, however this system provides an ambient alternative suitable for long-term continuous sleep monitoring, particularly among vulnerable populations.